Palm detection
Palm detection tries to identify accidental touches while typing, while using the trackpoint and/or during general use of the touchpad area.
On most laptops typing on the keyboard generates accidental touches on the touchpad with the palm (usually the area below the thumb). This can lead to cursor jumps or accidental clicks. On large touchpads, the palm may also touch the bottom edges of the touchpad during normal interaction.
Interference from a palm depends on the size of the touchpad and the position of the user’s hand. Data from touchpads showed that almost all palm events during tying on a Lenovo T440 happened in the left-most and right-most 5% of the touchpad. The T440 series has one of the largest touchpads, other touchpads are less affected by palm touches.
libinput has multiple ways of detecting a palm, each of which depends on hardware-specific capabilities.
Palm detection is always enabled, with the exception of disable-while-typing.
Palm detection based on firmware labelling
Some devices provide palm detection in the firmware, forwarded by the kernel
as the EV_ABS/ABS_MT_TOOL axis with a value of MT_TOOL_PALM
(whenever a palm is detected). libinput honors that value and switches that
touch to a palm.
Palm detection based on pressure
The simplest form of palm detection labels a touch as palm when the pressure value goes above a certain threshold. This threshold is usually high enough that it cannot be triggered by a finger movement. One a touch is labelled as palm based on pressure, it will remain so even if the pressure drops below the threshold again. This ensures that a palm remains a palm even when the pressure changes as the user is typing.
For some information on how to detect pressure on a touch and debug the pressure ranges, see Touchpad pressure-based touch detection.
Palm detection based on touch size
On touchpads that support the ABS_MT_TOUCH_MAJOR axes, libinput can perform
palm detection based on the size of the touch ellipse. This works similar to
the pressure-based palm detection in that a touch is labelled as palm when
it exceeds the (device-specific) touch size threshold.
For some information on how to detect the size of a touch and debug the touch size ranges, see Touchpad pressure-based touch detection.
Palm exclusion zones
libinput enables palm detection on the left, right and top edges of the touchpad. Two exclusion zones are defined on the left and right edge of the touchpad. If a touch starts in the exclusion zone, it is considered a palm and the touch point is ignored. However, for fast cursor movements across the screen, it is common for a finger to start inside an exclusion zone and move rapidly across the touchpad. libinput detects such movements and avoids palm detection on such touch sequences.
Another exclusion zone is defined on the top edge of the touchpad. As with the edge zones, libinput detects vertical movements out of the edge zone and avoids palm detection on such touch sequences.
Each side edge exclusion zone is divided into a top part and a bottom part. A touch starting in the top part of the exclusion zone does not trigger a tap (see Tap-to-click behaviour).
In the diagram below, the exclusion zones are painted red. Touch ‘A’ starts inside the exclusion zone and moves almost vertically. It is considered a palm and ignored for cursor movement, despite moving out of the exclusion zone.
Touch ‘B’ starts inside the exclusion zone but moves horizontally out of the zone. It is considered a valid touch and controls the cursor.
Touch ‘C’ occurs in the top part of the exclusion zone. Despite being a tapping motion, it does not generate an emulated button event. Touch ‘D’ likewise occurs within the exclusion zone but in the bottom half. libinput will generate a button event for this touch.
Palm detection during trackpoint use
If a device provides a trackpoint, it is usually located above the touchpad. This increases the likelihood of accidental touches whenever the trackpoint is used.
libinput disables the touchpad whenever it detects trackpoint activity for a certain timeout until after trackpoint activity stops. Touches generated during this timeout will not move the pointer, and touches started during this timeout will likewise not move the pointer (allowing for a user to rest the palm on the touchpad while using the trackstick). If the touchpad is disabled, the top software buttons remain enabled.
Disable-while-typing
libinput automatically disables the touchpad for a timeout after a key press, a feature traditionally referred to as “disable while typing” and previously available through the syndaemon(1) command. libinput does not require an external command and the feature is currently enabled for all touchpads but will be reduced in the future to only apply to touchpads where finger width or pressure data is unreliable.
Notable behaviors of libinput’s disable-while-typing feature:
Two different timeouts are used, after a single key press the timeout is short to ensure responsiveness. After multiple key events, the timeout is longer to avoid accidental pointer manipulation while typing.
Some keys do not trigger the timeout, specifically some modifier keys (Ctrl, Alt, Shift, and Fn). Actions such as Ctrl + click thus stay responsive.
Touches started while typing do not control the cursor even after typing has stopped, it is thus possible to rest the palm on the touchpad while typing.
Physical buttons work even while the touchpad is disabled. This includes software-emulated buttons.
libinput pairs touchpads and keyboards for the disable-while-typing feature. In the most common case, the internal touchpad is paired only with the internal keyboard. Typing on an external keyboard will thus not disable the touchpad. Some devices require a quirk to be correctly paired.
Disable-while-typing can be enabled and disabled by calling libinput_device_config_dwt_set_enabled().
Stylus-touch arbitration
A special case of palm detection is touch arbitration on devices that support styli. When interacting with a stylus on the screen, parts of the hand may touch the surface and trigger touches. As the user is currently interacting with the stylus, these touches would interfer with the correct working of the stylus.
libinput employs a method similar to Disable-while-typing to detect these touches and disables the touchpad accordingly.
Thumb detection
Many users rest their thumb on the touchpad while using the index finger to move the finger around. For clicks, often the thumb is used rather than the finger. The thumb should otherwise be ignored as a touch, i.e. it should not count towards Clickfinger behavior and it should not cause a single-finger movement to trigger Two-finger scrolling.
libinput uses two triggers for thumb detection: pressure and location. A touch exceeding a pressure threshold is considered a thumb if it is within the thumb detection zone.
Note
“Pressure” on touchpads is synonymous with “contact area.” A large touch surface area has a higher pressure and thus hints at a thumb or palm touching the surface.
Pressure readings are unreliable at the far bottom of the touchpad as a thumb hanging mostly off the touchpad will have a small surface area. libinput has a definitive thumb zone where any touch is considered a resting thumb.
The picture above shows the two detection areas. In the larger (light red) area, a touch is labelled as thumb when it exceeds a device-specific pressure threshold. In the lower (dark red) area, a touch is labelled as thumb if it remains in that area for a time without moving outside.